Harwell: Village for a thousand years

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  • Harwell Book – Full text of ‘Village for a thousand years’
    • Introduction
      • Contents
    • Beginnings – The Beginnings of Harwell
      • The Beginnings of Harwell
      • The Charters
      • Close
    • Middle Ages – The Late Middle Ages
      • Harwell Church
      • The Medieval Manors
      • Cruck Buildings
      • Close
    • Tudors – Tudors to Charles II
      • The Tudor period
      • Berkshire Farmers and their Homes
      • The Harwell Mug
      • Harwell: The Family Name
      • Trade Tokens
      • In the Civil War
      • Close
    • Charities – Harwell Charities
      • John Loder
      • Christopher Elderfield
      • Poor’s Orchard
      • William Wells
      • J. King
      • Frances Geering
      • Matthew Eaton
      • Robert Loder
      • Bag(g)’s Tree
      • An Old Harwell Recipe
      • Close
    • 19th C – Harwell in the Nineteenth Century
      • Enclosures
      • The Great Fire of Harwell
      • Fire at Didcot Station
      • Harwell and the Early Posts
      • Close
    • People – Some Nineteenth Century Families, Houses and Personalities
      • The Manor of Bishop’s Harwell, or Lower Manor, after the Middle Ages.
      • Bob Lay, Bob Lay, Bob Lay
      • The Bosley Family
      • John Lay of Prince’s Manor 1815 – 1888
      • From a book sold for the Blewbury Village Organ Fund in 1874.
      • Thomas James Pryor
      • The Day Family
      • The Hitchman Family
      • Other Old Harwell Families
      • Pillar House, Harwell
      • A Country Doctor (Dr Richard Rice)
      • Kelly’s Directory reports on the Harwell of 1891
      • The School
      • A Pictorial Miscellany
      • Close
    • 20th C – The Early Twentieth Century
      • Stanley Day
        • The Turn of the Century
        • A Visit to Harwell
      • Tape Recordings
        • A Houseboy at Harwell
        • Eliza Hutchings
        • Harwell Bakeries
        • The Eggs
        • Old Neighbours
        • Fire at King’s Farm (c.1908)
        • Will It Light?
        • Miss Irene Clarke’s memories.
      • Poem by H.S. Baker
      • Close
    • WWII – The Second World War
      • Guinea Pig Club
      • Eric Greenwood
      • Harwell in Wartime
      • School Life in Wartime
      • The Harwell Players
      • Close
    • 1945 -1985 – The Post War Years
      • The Atomic Energy Research Establishment.
      • Harwell Parish Council
      • Water and Sewage
      • Nursing Service
      • School Life after the War
      • The Winterbrook Youth Club
      • The Public Houses
      • The Whit Monday Feast
      • Wild Flowers of Harwell
      • The Bee Orchid
      • Village Footpaths
      • St Matthew’s Church Today
      • Harwell Women’s Institute
      • Harwell Bowls Club
      • Harwell Football Club
      • Close
    • Cherries – Harwell Cherries
      • Robert Loder
      • Cherries (1965)
      • Gordon Bosley
      • John Masefield: The Cherries
      • Close
    • Appendices
      • Appendix I the Harwell Charters
        • Introduction to The Harwell Charters
        • Charter No 1
        • Charter No 2
        • Charter No 3
        • Appendix I Charter References
      • Appendix II Buildings
      • Appendix III Glossary
      • Appendix IV Contributors
      • Appendix V References
      • Close
    • Close
« 19th C
The Great Fire of Harwell »
You are here: Home / 19th C / Enclosures

Enclosures

In medieval times land in England was either waste, common pasture or arable. The waste included all lands not in use or not usable as pasture or for tillage. The manors resembled islands of cultivation in a sea of common or unenclosed waste, which was subject to public or quasi-public rights. Cottages were often built on strips of waste. The pasture was common to all, and the arable land was great open fields. The big East and West Fields in Harwell are described by Anthony Fletcher in his book Elizabethan Village.

The modernisation of agriculture ended the old collective methods of farming. Private ownership spread across the wastes, and the commoners of the manors were compensated for their lost rights with smallholdings and allotments for food, fuel, stone and recreation. Each had to be content with the land or money awarded to him by the parliamentary commissioners, whose decisions had the force of law.

During every parliament of the long reign of George III (1760 – 1820), hundreds of Enclosure Acts were legalised, opening the way for better farming, and greater prosperity to the country as a whole, although some poor people were victimised, while others already rich profited more. Harwell’s Award map, drawn in 1802, divides the parish amongst many owners.

Names of Harwell Families on Award Map:

S. Baker
Thos. Buckell
J. Cox
J. Day
Elderfield
Richard Hopkins
John Keat
Edward King
Thos. Loder
Rev. Lockton
Richard Miles
William Morland
Edward Thomas
William Tyrrell
John Webb
John Woodley
Lord Bishop of Winchester

05-01
Figure 5.1 Harwell’s Award Map, 1802.

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The Great Fire of Harwell »

Harwell is a village in south Oxfordshire, England, although until 1974 it was a Berkshire village. Harwell was first mentioned in 985, before the Doomsday Book.
This website presents the full text of the book (ISBN 0 9510668 0 3 ) published in 1985 to celebrate the village millennium.
"Harwell ~ Village for a thousand years"

Additional information about Harwell Village (History Notes, photos and more) can be found at harwellvillage.uk

Website © 2005–2022 maintained and managed by David Marsh on behalf of Harwell Parish Council
Copyright © 1985–2022 in the text of the book is vested in Harwell Parish Council